Discover how overtourism is impacting Amsterdam’s housing, environment, and local communities, and explore the city’s strategies for sustainable tourism.

Amsterdam, renowned for its picturesque canals, historic architecture, and vibrant culture, has long been a magnet for tourists worldwide. However, the city’s allure has led to an overwhelming influx of visitors, resulting in significant challenges for its residents and infrastructure. In 2024 alone, Amsterdam welcomed over 9 million overnight guests, with more than 7 million hailing from countries like the United Kingdom, the United States, and Germany.

The Strain on Housing and Local Communities

The surge in tourism has exacerbated Amsterdam’s housing crisis. Short-term rentals, particularly through platforms like Airbnb, have transformed residential properties into vacation accommodations, reducing the availability of homes for locals. In response, the city has implemented measures to curb this trend. Notably, a 15-night annual cap on short-term rentals has been introduced in certain districts. Additionally, the number of bed and breakfasts in the city centre has been reduced by 30%, and a ban on new tourist shops aims to preserve the city’s character.

Environmental and Infrastructure Challenges

The environmental impact of overtourism is evident in Amsterdam’s strained infrastructure. The city has taken steps to mitigate these effects by limiting the number of cruise ships docking at the Passenger Terminal Amsterdam from 190 to a maximum of 100 per year by 2026. Furthermore, ships will be required to use shore power by 2027, reducing emissions. These measures aim to alleviate the environmental burden and improve the quality of life for residents.

Economic Considerations

Tourism remains a significant contributor to Amsterdam’s economy, generating approximately €11,000 per resident in 2024 and supporting jobs in the hospitality and cultural sectors. However, the city recognises the need to balance economic benefits with the well-being of its residents. To this end, Amsterdam raised the city tax to 12.5% in January 2024, aiming to reduce the number of cruise ship arrivals and encourage more responsible tourism.

Preserving Amsterdam’s Identity

Efforts to combat overtourism also focus on preserving Amsterdam’s unique identity. The city has introduced the “City in Balance” programme, which includes a ban on new tourist shops and restrictions on holiday rentals and new hotels. These initiatives aim to maintain the city’s cultural heritage and ensure that tourism does not overshadow the daily lives of residents.

Looking Ahead

Amsterdam’s approach to managing overtourism serves as a model for other cities grappling with similar challenges. By implementing targeted policies and engaging with local communities, the city strives to create a sustainable tourism model that benefits both visitors and residents. As Amsterdam continues to navigate the complexities of overtourism, its experiences offer valuable insights into balancing economic growth with the preservation of cultural and environmental integrity.